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Baljit Kaur ¹, S. K. Jawandha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Punjab, IN
2 Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Punjab, IN

Abstract

Peach is a highly perishable fruit and climacteric in nature. It can not be stored for longer period at ambient conditions. To maintain the post-harvest quality of fruits, peach trees of cv. Shan-i- Punjab were sprayed with putrescine and calcium nitrate at three concentrations each viz., 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mmol L-1 and 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively 10 and 20 days before the anticipated commercial harvesting. Physiological mature treated fruits were packed in corrugated fibre-board (CFB) boxes and then stored at 0-10C and 90-95% RH. The fruits were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters on the day of storage and after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of cold storage. Results revealed that pre-harvest application of putrescine and proved to be effective in maintaining the peach fruit health under cold storage conditions. Putrescine @ 2 and 3 mmol L-1 (sprayed 10 days before harvesting) treatments were found effective in maintaining firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, reducing sugars and non reducing sugars up to 30 days of storage.

Keywords

Peach, Putrescine, Calcium, Storage, Quality

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Baljit Kaur ¹, Devinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Apparel and Textile Science, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The design development of eco-fashion accessories from leftover/ waste of zari/brocade fabrics was carried out in Ludhiana city. The general aim of the present paper was to the design, colour, embellish and development of eco-fashion accessories. Three coloured combination followed by multi and two coloured combinations were preferred by the respondents. Patchwork, applique, bead, mirror work were the most preferred decorative material to be used for the development of eco-fashion accessories.On the basis of colour combinations, embellishments and design features twenty designs were developed on Corel Draw (X₄) and shown to panel of judges for final selection. The most preferred five designs were used for preparing handbag, shrug, footwear, clutch bag and stole. Suitable statics analysis was used.

Keywords

Accessories, Brocade, Eco-Fashion, Colour Combination, Embellishments, Zari.

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Baljit Kaur

Abstract

The Migration is an equilibrium process which reduces regional disparities at different stages of development and a process which is as old as human civilization with the change in place of residence changes in social life takes place. So, It also brings change in process of social interaction, change in culture and social groups, change in duties, expectations and many other socio-economic challenges. In Punjab, three out of four households include a migrant. The effects of migration an individual’s households and regions add up to a significant impact on the national economy and society. Thus the study of migration is linked to economic migration, methodological Problem and conceptual issues. This paper reviews key issues relating to internal labour migration in Punjab. It analyses the patterns, trends and nature of labour migration.

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Amanpreet Kaur ¹, Baljit Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Punjab School of Economics, GNDU, Amritsar, IN

Abstract

Public borrowing is one of the major instruments of resource mobilization which direct the flow of resources into right channels, especially in case of developing economies. In case of India, the issue of states' debt has assumed a great attention since mid 90's due to the severe deterioration in the fiscal health of states. Increasing Fiscal imbalances and public debt pose risks to the prospects for stability and growth of the economy. In order to tackle these issues, it is imperative to analyze the kind of relationship that exists among these variables. The rationale behind this paper is to empirically analyze the relationship between economic growth and internal debt at Punjab state level. But an attempt has been made in the present study to examine the impact of public debt on economic growth. The study is based on regular time series data for a period of 22 years (i.e. from 1990-91 to 2011-12) in respect of Punjab economy. Grangers' causality analysis has been worked out to examine the cause and effect relationship between economic growth and public debt. Furthermore multiple linear regressions have been worked out to investigate the relationship between economic growth and public debt. Various studies have shown mixed impact of public debt on economic growth. There has been difference of opinions among researches for developing and developed economies. There are contrasting views on the positive and negative impact of public debt on economic growth, the present study has provided evidences for the positive relationship of public debt and economic growth. As per the findings of the study, a statistically significant and positive relationship between GSDP and outstanding liabilities has been observed.

Keywords

Economic Growth, Public Debt, Gross Investment, Government Borrowings, Grangers Causality.

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Shivmanmeet Singh ¹, Narwant Singh Grewal ¹, Baljit Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, IN

Abstract

Studies have used IsOWC interconnections as a practical way to trans receive signals in between satellites using carrier as optical signal and propagation medium as a space. Information can be safely transported across the globe via IsOWC connections. The current work describes a polarisation division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK) based highest speed and longest reach IsOWC system using a single channel. To increase receiver sensitivity, at receiver terminal coherent detection is installed and DSP module has been implemented to reduce losses caused by abductant atmospheric effects and to forecast the phase (carrier). We have evaluated necessary OSNR (optical signal to noise ratio) to obtain the appropriate BER (bit error rate) to evaluate the output of suggested link (BER). According to the results, a reliable 112 Gbit/s transmission with a good BER is possible at 22,500 km. Additionally, we quantitatively examine how connections with rising pointing faults perform in terms of OSNR. Additionally, a comparison of the suggested link with the body of current literature points to a better system towards (maximum data with maximum range) and spectrum efficiency (maximum data with maximum range). Coherent detection, DSP, and PDM-QPSK provide a strong foundation for creating spectrally effective IsOWC connections.

Keywords

Polarization division multiplexing (PDM), Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC), Coherent detection and Digital signal processing (DSP)

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